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??"If I was on that plane with my kids, it wouldn't have went down like it did," the action star says. "There would have been a lot of blood in that first-class cabin and then me saying, 'OK, we're going to land somewhere safely, don't worry.'"
Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3036697/vp/46031373#46031373
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Contact: Delano Lewis
dlewis@ufl.edu
352-273-2000
University of Florida
GAINESVILLE, Fla. University of Florida researchers have discovered a key amino acid essential for human nutrition is also an effective insecticide against caterpillars that threaten the citrus industry.
The Lime Swallowtail, or Citrus Swallowtail, is a well-known agricultural pest from southern Asia discovered in the Caribbean in 2006, and researchers say its potential impact on the U.S. citrus industry is cause for serious concern.
"Everything that's in the Caribbean eventually gets to Florida Florida is an invasive magnet," said UF lepidopterist Delano Lewis, lead author of the study published in the current issue of the Journal of Economic Entomology. "That's why we're trying to make the first strike to see how to stop it."
Experiments conducted on the UF campus at the Florida Museum of Natural History's McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity and the College of Medicine show when methionine is sprayed on leaves it is 100 percent effective in killing larvae related to the Lime Swallowtail caterpillars within two to three days. If not controlled, the caterpillars can completely defoliate young wild lime plants.
Because the Lime Swallowtail, Princeps (Papilio) demoleus, is invasive and cannot be legally brought into the U.S., researchers experimented using a genetically related surrogate with a similar life history and appetite for citrus, the Giant Swallowtail, Heraclides (Papilio) cresphontes. Because these pest caterpillars have the same body structure and biology, researchers are confident methionine will also control the Lime Swallowtail, Lewis said.
"Its effectiveness is based on the biochemistry of the insect gut, so although this work was done on a surrogate, the methionine will block the ion channel in the same way," Lewis said.
Methionine is needed in the human diet for many reasons, including protein-building and metabolism. It is environmentally safe and harmless to citrus plants, mammals and birds.
"It's a very curious phenomenon to have this nutrient amino acid that humans can't live without, yet at the concentrations we put on the leaves, it is toxic to crop-destructive caterpillars," said study co-author Bruce Stevens, professor of physiology and functional genomics in the UF College of Medicine. "It's a completely different class of pesticides that has not been seen before most are toxic to not only the pest, but to people and animals, too."
Stevens first discovered the pesticide properties of methionine while cloning genes that regulate amino acid metabolism in 1998. Working with co-author James Cuda of UF's department of entomology and nematology, Stevens later found this amino acid to be effective against yellow fever mosquito larvae, tomato hornworm and Colorado potato beetle.
Methionine disrupts an ion channel that controls nutrient absorption in larvae with an alkaline intestine, such as in caterpillars of the Citrus Swallowtail. In 2004 and 2007, Stevens obtained two patents for the use of methionine as a pesticide, through the UF Office of Technology Licensing.
"The methionine is sprayed on the leaves, and when the caterpillars begin to eat the leaves, they ingest the compound it's not in the plant itself," Lewis said. "Once they take those first few bites, they don't feed again and remain stationary until they die."
Methionine is low-cost and serves as fertilizer if it reaches the ground because it's a biodegradable nitrogen source, Stevens said. The amino acid is mass produced and has been used as a nutritional supplement in outdoor livestock feed since the 1960s. The U.S. Department of Agriculture recently approved the use of methionine for organic poultry production.
"This is a neat idea and I'm hoping that more work will be done on this in the future because there's a lot of potential there," said John Ruberson, a professor in the entomology department at the University of Georgia, who was not involved in the study. "The one challenge I can see from a grower's perspective is that it tends to work kind of slowly. Typically, it takes two to three days to kill the insect, but they do show that [insect] feeding is reduced, which is a good thing."
Patent rights for the use of methionine to control turf and ornamental pests have been licensed to Phoenix Environmental Care LLC, which is developing a pest control product.
While researchers are unsure how the Lime Swallowtail reached the Caribbean, its proximity poses a potential threat to Central and South American citrus industries, as well.
"We suspect someone could have brought them to release the adult butterflies in weddings, or perhaps they arrived with imported citrus stock," Lewis said. "Regardless, it's in the Caribbean and it's a very strong flyer."
###
Credits
Writer
Danielle Torrent, dtorrent@flmnh.ufl.edu
Source
Delano Lewis, dlewis@ufl.edu, 352-273-2000
Source
Bruce R. Stevens, stevensb@ufl.edu, 352-392-4480
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Contact: Delano Lewis
dlewis@ufl.edu
352-273-2000
University of Florida
GAINESVILLE, Fla. University of Florida researchers have discovered a key amino acid essential for human nutrition is also an effective insecticide against caterpillars that threaten the citrus industry.
The Lime Swallowtail, or Citrus Swallowtail, is a well-known agricultural pest from southern Asia discovered in the Caribbean in 2006, and researchers say its potential impact on the U.S. citrus industry is cause for serious concern.
"Everything that's in the Caribbean eventually gets to Florida Florida is an invasive magnet," said UF lepidopterist Delano Lewis, lead author of the study published in the current issue of the Journal of Economic Entomology. "That's why we're trying to make the first strike to see how to stop it."
Experiments conducted on the UF campus at the Florida Museum of Natural History's McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity and the College of Medicine show when methionine is sprayed on leaves it is 100 percent effective in killing larvae related to the Lime Swallowtail caterpillars within two to three days. If not controlled, the caterpillars can completely defoliate young wild lime plants.
Because the Lime Swallowtail, Princeps (Papilio) demoleus, is invasive and cannot be legally brought into the U.S., researchers experimented using a genetically related surrogate with a similar life history and appetite for citrus, the Giant Swallowtail, Heraclides (Papilio) cresphontes. Because these pest caterpillars have the same body structure and biology, researchers are confident methionine will also control the Lime Swallowtail, Lewis said.
"Its effectiveness is based on the biochemistry of the insect gut, so although this work was done on a surrogate, the methionine will block the ion channel in the same way," Lewis said.
Methionine is needed in the human diet for many reasons, including protein-building and metabolism. It is environmentally safe and harmless to citrus plants, mammals and birds.
"It's a very curious phenomenon to have this nutrient amino acid that humans can't live without, yet at the concentrations we put on the leaves, it is toxic to crop-destructive caterpillars," said study co-author Bruce Stevens, professor of physiology and functional genomics in the UF College of Medicine. "It's a completely different class of pesticides that has not been seen before most are toxic to not only the pest, but to people and animals, too."
Stevens first discovered the pesticide properties of methionine while cloning genes that regulate amino acid metabolism in 1998. Working with co-author James Cuda of UF's department of entomology and nematology, Stevens later found this amino acid to be effective against yellow fever mosquito larvae, tomato hornworm and Colorado potato beetle.
Methionine disrupts an ion channel that controls nutrient absorption in larvae with an alkaline intestine, such as in caterpillars of the Citrus Swallowtail. In 2004 and 2007, Stevens obtained two patents for the use of methionine as a pesticide, through the UF Office of Technology Licensing.
"The methionine is sprayed on the leaves, and when the caterpillars begin to eat the leaves, they ingest the compound it's not in the plant itself," Lewis said. "Once they take those first few bites, they don't feed again and remain stationary until they die."
Methionine is low-cost and serves as fertilizer if it reaches the ground because it's a biodegradable nitrogen source, Stevens said. The amino acid is mass produced and has been used as a nutritional supplement in outdoor livestock feed since the 1960s. The U.S. Department of Agriculture recently approved the use of methionine for organic poultry production.
"This is a neat idea and I'm hoping that more work will be done on this in the future because there's a lot of potential there," said John Ruberson, a professor in the entomology department at the University of Georgia, who was not involved in the study. "The one challenge I can see from a grower's perspective is that it tends to work kind of slowly. Typically, it takes two to three days to kill the insect, but they do show that [insect] feeding is reduced, which is a good thing."
Patent rights for the use of methionine to control turf and ornamental pests have been licensed to Phoenix Environmental Care LLC, which is developing a pest control product.
While researchers are unsure how the Lime Swallowtail reached the Caribbean, its proximity poses a potential threat to Central and South American citrus industries, as well.
"We suspect someone could have brought them to release the adult butterflies in weddings, or perhaps they arrived with imported citrus stock," Lewis said. "Regardless, it's in the Caribbean and it's a very strong flyer."
###
Credits
Writer
Danielle Torrent, dtorrent@flmnh.ufl.edu
Source
Delano Lewis, dlewis@ufl.edu, 352-273-2000
Source
Bruce R. Stevens, stevensb@ufl.edu, 352-392-4480
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-01/uof-urd011712.php
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This undated photo provided Jan. 4, 2012 by the Delaware Department of Correction in Smyrna, Del., shows 49-year-old Robert Gattis. Delaware Gov. Jack Markell has decided to accept a recommendation from the state Board of Pardons that he commute Gattis' death sentence to life in prison without parole. Gattis was scheduled to die by lethal injection Friday for killing Shirley Slay in 1990. (AP Photo/Delaware Department of Correction)
This undated photo provided Jan. 4, 2012 by the Delaware Department of Correction in Smyrna, Del., shows 49-year-old Robert Gattis. Delaware Gov. Jack Markell has decided to accept a recommendation from the state Board of Pardons that he commute Gattis' death sentence to life in prison without parole. Gattis was scheduled to die by lethal injection Friday for killing Shirley Slay in 1990. (AP Photo/Delaware Department of Correction)
DOVER, Del. (AP) ? Gov. Jack Markell, in an apparent first for Delaware, has spared the life of a man whose execution had been scheduled later this week for the shooting death of his former girlfriend.
Until the governor intervened, inmate Robert Gattis, 49, had been scheduled to die by injection Friday for the killing of Shirley Slay, 27.
The Democratic governor on Tuesday accepted a recommendation from the state Board of Pardons to commute Gattis' 1992 death sentence to life in prison without parole. The board considered disturbing accounts of physical and sexual abuse that Gattis claims to have suffered as a child and which his attorneys argued the courts had never properly weighed.
Markell said he gave great weight to a 4-1 recommendation of the pardons board. Yet Delaware's governor said granting clemency was one of the most difficult decisions he has made as a public official.
"I have spent substantial time considering the harm endured by Ms. Slay and her family, Mr. Gattis' history, and the merits of the clemency application. I have prayed," Markell said.
He added: "At the end of the day, although I am not free from doubt, I believe moving forward with the execution of Mr. Gattis is not appropriate."
The governor met with members of Slay's family before announcing his decision. The victim's parents did not immediately return a telephone message left at their Georgia home seeking comment.
Markell spokesman Cathy Rossi said administration officials are unaware of any previous case in which a governor received or approved a pardons board recommendation for commutation of a death sentence. Prosecutors have said Gattis shot Slay in a jealous rage after years of physically abusing her. His attorneys argued at trial that the death was an accident.
Under Delaware law, a governor cannot grant commutation unless a majority of the five-member pardons board recommends that step.
Markell has supported the imposition of the death penalty in the past. As state treasurer, he had previously sat on pardons boards that rejected clemency requests for condemned killers Tanzil Hameen in 2001 and Brian Steckel in 2005. Both were executed.
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TEHRAN, Iran ? One of Iran's most prominent film directors said Monday he hoped the Golden Globes award to a fellow filmmaker will help lift the spirits of the country's artistic community after the state-ordered closure of an independent cinema group.
Abbas Kiarostami lauded the "unique success" of writer-director Ashgar Farhadi for "A Separation," which won the best foreign-language film award Sunday at the Golden Globes ceremony in Beverly Hills, California.
Kiarostami told The Associated Press it was a bittersweet moment after authorities ordered the closure Jan. 4 of the House of Cinema, an independent film group that operated for 20 years.
Officials said it lacked the proper permits, but artists and others claimed it was a political decision, because the group often took liberal stands contrary to government's cultural policies.
"A Separation" tells the story of a couple heading for divorce and dealing with domestic troubles with a young child and an aging parent. It examines gender, religious and class distinctions in contemporary Iran.
Amir Esfandiari , an official in the Farabi Film Foundation affiliated with the country's culture ministry, offered congratulations to Farhadi and wished the film success as a possible Oscar candidate, the semiofficial Isna news agency reported.
The Fars news agency said that the film will play for an extra week in a Tehran cinema. It had been shown in Iranian movie houses over the past months.
Last week, Farhadi proposed that Iranian authorities allow a vote among artists about the fate of the House of Cinema.
"I am hopeful that the award would partly help heal the frustration of people in the Iranian cinema industry," said Kiarostami, whose films have won prizes including the Palme d'Or at Cannes.
He also hoped the Golden Globe award would persuade authorities to be "more kind" to Iran's film community.
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